Substations’ automation

“…the smart grid is a data communications network integrated with the power grid that enables power grid operators to collect and analyze data about power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption—all in near real time. Smart grid communication technology provides predictive information and recommendations to utilities, their suppliers, and their customers on how best to manage power.

To achieve this vision of ubiquitous near–real time information, a transformation of the power grid communications infrastructure is needed, particularly in transmission and distribution substations. While modern data communication has evolved from telephony modems to IP networks, many power utilities are still deploying modem access and serial bus technology to communicate with their substations. The existing supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) remote terminal unit (RTU) systems located inside the substation cannot scale and evolve to support next generation intelligence…

Automating Substations …a prospective PGN App service…

What Was That Driving Smart Grids…?

“…electric vehicles (EVs) like the Tesla Model S and Nissan Leaf, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) like the Chevy Volt, depending on their rate of adoption, may have me revising that opinion. You see, while they are charging, each of these cars draws the electricity of another entire house (or more). That’s enough electricity use to make savings more desirable, and enough additional demand to prompt utilities to closely monitor which neighborhoods are adding EVs the fastest, so as to avoid overloading local transformers through preemptive, targeted upgrades….” – Smart Security Blog

Not So Fast…

One Year With My PG&E Smart Meter…

Posted: December 27, 2010 by http://insightadvisor.wordpress.com in CaliforniaElectric Power Gary Hunt’s PWRGEEK Blog

“…My PG&E Smart Meter was installed in December 2009 so I thought it time to review my first year experience and what I have learned.  The PG&E contractor installed the smart meter in just a few minutes and it worked fine.  No problems with meter operation.

Customer Contact from PG&E – About a month after my smart meter was installed I received a pamphlet from PG&E in the mail explaining my meter and directing me to the PG&E website to get more information about my actual usage. Other than that have been no contacts from PG&E other than two attempts to get me to sign up for their remote control program to shut off my A/C on peak days for short periods if PG&E needs to conserve energy.  The $25 “reward” for giving up control over my A/C did not seem like a fair trade so I said “no thanks”.

What Did I Learn About My Usage? – The smart meter sends its readings every 15 minutes and PG&E summarizes it the next day online so you can check it if you have nothing better to do.  Frankly, the frequent meter readings may be useful to PG&E but for most customers it just isn’t useful.  I do like the PG&E website and the useful calculators to both explain my usage changes from period to period and the reasons for the cost components going up and down.

The PG&E website is convenient and easy to use but, frankly the monthly summary information is much more useful for the typical residential customer.  I pulled the following information from my online usage history to make the table below:

One Year of Smart Meter Data Summarized

Month Avg kWh used Avg ¢/kWh Low Use kWh High Use kWh
Jan 66.6 0.254 53.08 77.45
Feb 58.9 0.234 48.53 67.08
Mar 56.9 0.228 49.33 63.79
Apr 59.4 0.231 47.03 70.49
May 60.9 0.292 52.26 69.94
Jun 69.8 0.345 47.73 117.28
Jul 75.9 0.326 52.18 115.74
Aug 69.8 0.328 46.08 123.56
Sep 68.9 0.321 47.31 110.34
Oct 62.9 0.325 43.49 87.57
Nov 62.4 0.279 46.24 80.13
Dec 56.8 0.225 43.69 70.75
Swing 34% 52% 11% 94%

Lessons Learned

1.       Summary Usage Data Works Fine.  My smart meter sends PG&E readings every 15 minutes but that data frequency and the massive amount of data is not useful or necessary for individual residential consumers.  The summary data available by day, week or month available on PG&E’s website works great.

2.       When Do I use the Most Energy?  I find I look periodically at the daily data to see when I use the most energy and to try to judge how I can manage my peaks.  In my case my usage increases at twice each day coinciding with when my swimming pool equipment cycles on to do its work and then again during the 4pm to 7pm period when everyone is home and powering up TVs and PCs, cooking dinner and turning things on.

3.       Energy Dieting is Hard Work!  My household uses twice the electricity as the average home in my area says PG&E.  I will NEVER be the Biggest Loser! Reducing my power gluttony has been a constant challenge made difficult by more electronic technology, my home office work habits, swimming pool equipment and PG&E tiered rate torture plan.  But it’s the average things in every household that add up to push you into high rate tiers.  For example a refrigerator uses an average of 2.2 kWh per day, a load of laundry costs 5.1 kWh to wash and dry; run your dishwasher and it costs you 2.8 kWh per load.

4.       Tiered Rates are Torment. Under PG&E’s tiered rates baseline use costs $0.1087 per kWh (oh how I dream of baseline use!); Tier 2 use costs $0.1250 per kWh; but wastefully venture into Tier 3 and it will cost you $0.25 per kWh; and if you don’t get the point then Tier 4 will torment you at $0.28 per kWh for your sinful, wasteful, earth-killing ways!

5.       Phantom Power is Everywhere! The PG&E tells me that every PC costs me an average of 6 kWh of use daily at .2823 cents per kWh or $1.69 per day or $50.81 per 30-day billing period. Every flat panel LCD-TV is an energy hog costing about $18 per month at high tiered rates. Adding up all that power consumption will cause any ratepayer to lust for CHEAP coal fired generation.

6.       Weather Matters a Lot.  See the chart above?  My average use can swing 34% over the year mostly because of weather, but my average cost per kWh swings 52% when the weather is warmer and the A/C comes on.  The swing in my actual usage from low to high tells me how vulnerable I am to those A/C spikes especially when I have built in factors like swimming pool equipment and the normal afternoon peak use on top of A/C.  Level billing is my friendbecause it averages out the peaks and valleys of my bills giving me a high but steady monthly energy bill with no ugly spike surprises.  But trust me—when your average per kWh cost is a staggering $0.28 cents it gets ugly fast.

7.       My Smart Meter is Irrelevant!  The surprising lesson in all of this is that my smart meter has almost nothing to do with any of these lessons.  The data I rely upon was available before my smart meter was installed and the monthly summaries are still the most useful data available for my purposes.  So where is the consumer benefit from smart meters?  As far as I can tell all the benefits are flowing to PG&E, but my rates are still going up.

My smart meter is not to blame for my rising utility bills – My utility bills are going up because its California and it gets hot in the summer, my wife insists upon having the A/C on, and my politicians and utility regulators demand that I buy the most expensive power supply they can force PG&E to buy to meet their renewable energy and emissions reduction goals.

My family and I compound the situation by living our normal lives using computers, video games and other sources of constant phantom power consumption.  As for me, I am NOT willing to give up my flat screen TV nor my ‘beer refrigerator’ in the garage so Pete Darbee keeps sending me a big bill every month and I keep paying it.

The Bakersfield Effect is the sum of all our fears that the costs of living our lives will keep going up, up, up until we can’t afford to live here anymore and have to move back to the Midwest or maybe Texas where power prices are lower and so are taxes—-and most of the politicians have ‘day jobs’…”

This report is very informative into the net consumer effect of the first stage of a Smart Grid.

There’s A Problem With Wind In The Winter…

Tuesday, 28 Dec 2010 – The Scotsman

Scotland’s wind farms are unable to cope with the freezing weather conditions — grinding to a halt at a time when electricity demand is at a peak, forcing the country to rely on power generated by French nuclear plants, while the Scottish Government has banned nuclear power plants …

Scots’ Disappointed in Big Wind

Future of the Smart Grid

Comments on Excerpts from —

Building a Smart Grid Will Help Recharge Our Nation,” 15 Nov FORTUNE Magazine, by David Leeds, GTM Research

FIRST:

“…Large-scale efforts are underway to modernize the U.S. electric grid by adding high-speed communications and transforming the infrastructure into a ‘networked grid’ or an ‘internet for energy.’

“…Surprisingly, the revolution in information technologies (IT) that has transformed other high-tech industries (such as desktop computing, enterprise networking, wireless telecommunications) has yet to transform the electric power business, arguably one of the farthest-reaching and most extensive “networks” in existence. The smart grid, in large part, sits at the intersection of energy, IT and telecommunications markets…

“…today’s grid remains largely based on the same architecture of its forefathers, Edison, Tesla, and Westinghouse, where the majority of power is generated at large, centralized fossil-fuel-burning power plants…today’s distribution grids, lacking real-time visibility and control, are largely running blind and consequently costing the U.S. economy approximately $100 billion to $150 billion each year in power outages, tomorrow’s grid, much like the human body’s own nervous system, will have sensory intelligence embedded throughout, giving the grid the ability to anticipate disruptions, and even to self-heal…”

The question is, who will benefit from the smart grid which is no longer “flying blind”?  The utility’s bottom line or the customer’s cost per kWh?  The regulator will have a great deal of ‘say’ in this, it seems to us.

SECOND:

Mr. Leeds goes on to opine:

“…Lastly, and perhaps most welcomed, is the manner in which smart grid will completely transform end-users’ relationship to their energy use, empowering consumers with real-time data and analytics via in-home energy management systems and web portals, taking us closer to the age of The Jetsons. Over the next five years, consumers will interact with the first wave of smart appliances, lightning systems and management systems, using “set-it-and-forget-it” technologies to automate their homes and businesses for energy savings and other preferences, such as increased levels of green energy…

“…In phase two, which will unfold over the next 10-20 years, consumers are expected to deploy the next wave of home energy “apps,” such as community “micro-grids” able to generate 100% of their own power over certain periods, while trading energy for profit during other periods, to electric vehicles able to determine the most affordable hour of the day to charge their own batteries.  Meanwhile, an immeasurable number of innovations and applications yet to be invented are waiting for our next great generation to bring them forth.

People use energy to achieve prosperity; they wish to ‘take it for granted’ in their lifestyles as they improve.  Demand response management denotes an expensive scarcity that people will rebel against.

While the western press, the EU, and the United States are all still mesmerized by the AGW issue with its carbon dioxide preoccupations, the rest of the world has waked up to the inevitable:  Only nuclear power offers sustainable, inexpensive and reliable energy.  Virtually every Middle Eastern country is rapidly contracting for new nuclear power plants – as is Spain, Italy, the Philippines, China, India, Russia, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria – the list is exhaustive.  Nuclear waste – send it to the French who made a profitable business out of reprocessing it.

The advent of small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) that can be buried in co-location with the local distribution grids they feed with electricity is now upon us.  The smart grid needs to focus on reliability and sustainability of the distribution of electricity, not the distribution of its generation with inefficient, expensive, and unsustainable technologies like Wind, Solar, and the like.

SMRs are a natural outgrowth of the human need for plentiful, inexpensive, sustainable energy.  Their time has come, and SMRs will consequently transform how energy is made available — in the developing world, and in the developed world as well.

Jon Arnold’s Article

Dear Jon,

Just read your article of 17 Nov and liked it very much.
Perhaps you’ll remember that I have posted some on the need to approach time-of-use tariffs and demand management on a ‘one application solution at a time’ basis.
You are not going to change behavior wholesale as a campaign.  However, each application solution will appeal to certain people first and more.  Once they have practical experience with its positive business case for them, then they become their neighbors’ reference case history.  And so on.
This is not a short term process.  I am also thinking that with the Power Grid Network, we should only move TOU / DM campaigns into one neighborhood at a time, then introduce and process one application solution into that neighborhood one at a time, until we reach a ‘critical mass’ of solutions that consumers are willing to hang their hat on in the neighborhood.
I don’t think the hardware manufacturers will be very happy about our roll-out timing / strategy.
But then that’s not the point is it?

Jon Asks…

The Robertsons Believe They Have a Point…

Various Common Sense On Smart Grids…

The rural electric cooperatives in the U.S. are perhaps the smartest consumers of electrical technology in the country — farmers are traditionally the biggest risk takers in the market place and must manage these risk very successfully in order to survive.  Here’s Dawson Public Power’s [a Lexington, Nebraska REC)  take on “Smart Grid” common sense…

” WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 2010 — I always get excited about the latest gadget to hit the market. It might cost a bit extra, but I simply have to have it. And sometimes it’s better to wait.  Jumping into new technology can be great, but sometimes it’s not. At Dawson Public Power District we’ve read about and begun looking into the so-called “smart grid.” As with any cutting-edge concept, it seems new smart grid bells and whistles are touted daily. While we’ve been careful not to get caught up in the hype, I often have people ask, “What’s the buzz about?”

The North American electric grid—the largest interconnected machine on earth—operates as a humming highway moving electricity from power plants to your home. About 3,000 utilities operate 10,000 power plants nationally. All of this power—more than 1 million megawatts—flows across 300,000 miles of high-voltage transmission lines. And while the way we use electricity has changed drastically over the decades, most of the highway that delivers power to our homes was built 50 years ago.

As we talk about upgrading the nation’s grid from a hands-on, mechanical system to a digital network, there’s plenty of room for improvement—and potential miscalculations. While a smart grid can help utilities control costs, it can also be abused by big power companies and others to shift market risks onto consumers—something Dawson Public Power District doesn’t want to see happen.

That’s why, with some help from Uncle Sam, not-for-profit, locally-controlled electric utilities are testing some of these technologies to see what makes sense; what actually WORKS. Thanks to partnerships between electric cooperatives, public power districts, and NRECA’s Cooperative Research Network with the federal government, more than $600 million will be invested to deploy and study how digital smart grid technologies improve service for co-op members in 25 states.

On top of this, many other rural utilities are implementing smart grid upgrades consistent with long-range business plans to boost service reliability and operating efficiency. Through all of these efforts we will identify which technologies work and weed out those that may not deliver promised benefits.

Any smart grid needs to be flexible—some components don’t make sense everywhere. Automated meters and self-healing feeders may help reduce the number and duration of outages; in-home displays could increase customer awareness of how much electricity they use; there are lots of possibilities. Rest assured that your board of directors and management team at Dawson Public Power District will employ some hometown smarts of our own in how we approach the smart grid.

Our bottom line? We want to learn how to help you make wiser energy choices to keep your electric bill affordable. There’s a big difference between being on the cutting edge or the bleeding edge of technology. Dawson Power wants neither. We want the “proven edge” of technology so our investment is a common sense approach to what our customers will actually want and use and what the District can use to improve reliability. — Gwen Kautz (with op-ed input from NRECA)…”

At the same time, “the fact of the matter is that there does not exist a common base of knowledge, objectives, or outcomes, that can be applied to the megalithic, polymorphic, thing we think of as the Smart Grid. This means that individual organizations, regulators, customers, and implementers will likely have a different basis from which to develop appropriate solutions and timetables. As so often happens, the definition of common sense is not so common. That isn’t because the concerned parties aren’t sensible, it’s because they are highly sensible to their own uncommon needs.” A. Bochman, Smart Grid Security Blog

Minding the Gap Between Smart Meters & Consumers …22 Oct 10

Vehicle to Grid…another Smart Grid Risk…

…there are some surprising similarities in the ways previously isolated systems are being (often wirelessly) connected in the electric and automotive sectors. For most consumers, computers + code + communications = fun. But for security watchdogs, these same elements = trouble. And ultimately, cars and the grid will marry (and their coupling will produce precocious new security challenges) in a space industry calls V2G – meaning Vehicle-to-Grid….” A. Bochman, SmartGrid Security Blog

Hacking a car …22 Oct 10

Are You Tired Yet of “Renewable” Lying?

WSJ came across yesterday with some sobering thought:

“…The Volt’s defenders will shout that the Volt is a blow against terrorism and in favor of energy independence. Two answers: The Volt doesn’t need defenders if it’s a car that consumers want, and that GM can make and sell at a profit. But GM can’t. And it’s doubtful that many of the Volt’s early adopters (aside from a Hollywood plutocrat or two) would be interested in the absence of a giant tax credit of $7,500 per car (paid for by you and me).

The second answer is that even if every American drove a Volt, and every car in America was a Volt, it would not appreciably change the global challenges we face. Oil would remain an immensely versatile commodity, and Middle Eastern countries (which have the lowest production costs) would continue to reap large revenues…

Chevy Volt Truth — 20 Oct 10

Ulp… More Chevy Volt Truth …20 Oct 10

Carnegie-Mellon on EV power storage Economics …20 Oct 10